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Papua (province) - Wikipedia

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Papua
Province
Clockwise, from top: Lake Sentani, Puncak Jaya, Warsa waterfall, Mount Sumantri, Kurulu Village War Chief, Yapen Island, Betlehem Church Wamena
Flag Coat of arms
Motto(s): Karya Swadaya (Sanskrit) (Work accompanied by one's own might)
Location of Papua inside Indonesia
Coordinates (Jayapura): 2°32′S 140°43′E / 2.533°S 140.717°ECoordinates: 2°32′S 140°43′E / 2.533°S 140.717°E
Country	Indonesia
Established	1 May 1963
Capital	Jayapura
Government
• Body	Papuan Regional Government
• Governor	Lukas Enembe^[1] (PD & Golkar)
• Vice Governor	Klemen Tinal
Area
• Total	319,036.05 km² (123,180.51 sq mi)
Area rank	1st
Highest elevation	4,884 m (16,024 ft)
Population (2014)
• Total	3,486,432
• Rank	21st
• Density	11/km² (28/sq mi)
	Health Ministry 2014 Estimate
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Papuan Melanesian (including Aitinyo, Aefak, Asmat, Agast, Dani, Ayamaru, Mandacan, Biak, Serui) Javanese Bugis Mandar Minangkabau Batak Minahasan Chinese.
• Religion	Christianity (83.15%) Islam (15.88%) Hinduism (0.09%) Buddhism (0.05%) Other (0.82%)
• Languages	Indonesian (official) 269 native Papuan Austronesian languages ^[2]
Time zone	UTC+9 (Indonesia Eastern Time)
Postcodes	90xxx, 91xxx, 92xxx
Area codes	(62)9xx
ISO 3166 code	ID-PA
Vehicle sign	PA
HDI	0.600 (Medium)
HDI rank	34th (2016)
Largest city by area	Jayapura – 935.92 close kilometres (361.36 sq mi)
Largest city by population	Jayapura – (256,705 – 2010)
Largest regency by area	Merauke Regency – 44,071.00 close kilometres (17,015.91 sq mi)
Largest regency by population	Jayawijaya Regency – (207,480 – 2010)
Website	Papua.go.id

Papua is the largest and easternmost province of Indonesia, comprising the majority of Western New Guinea. It is bordered by the state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the section of West Papua to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the north, and the Arafura Sea to the south. According to the 2010 census by Statistics Indonesia, Papua had a population of 2,833,381, most of whom are Christians.^[3] The section is divided into twenty-eight regencies and one city. Its funds and largest city is Jayapura.

The section was earlier called Irian Jaya and comprised the entire Western New Guinea until the inauguration of the section of West Papua inside 2003. In 2002, Papua adopted its flow nickname and was granted a special autonomous rank by the Indonesian legislation. Puncak Jaya is the province's highest peak as well as the highest point of Indonesia.

Naming[edit]

"Papua" is the approved Indonesian and internationally recognised nickname intended the province.

During the Dutch colonial age the region was known as piece of "Dutch New Guinea" or "Netherlands New Guinea". Since its annexation inside 1969, it became known as "West Irian" or "Irian Barat" until 1973, and thereafter renamed "Irian Jaya" (roughly translated, "Glorious Irian") by the Suharto administration.^[4]^[5] This was the approved nickname until the nickname "Papua" was adopted inside 2002. Today, the native inhabitants of this section prefer to call themselves Papuans.

The nickname "West Papua" was adopted inside 1961 by the New Guinea Council until the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) transferred government to the Republic of Indonesia inside 1963. "West Papua" has since been second-hand by Papuans as a self-identifying term, notably by those demanding self-determination, and usually refers to the whole of the Indonesian portion of New Guinea. The additional Indonesian section that shares New Guinea, West Irian Jaya, has been officially renamed as West Papua, or Papua Barat. The entire western New Guinea is often referred to as "West Papua" internationally – notably among networks of international harmony accompanied by the West Papuan liberty movement.

Government[edit]

Nius Kogoya, Provincial Representative intended Tolikara

The section of Papua is governed by a directly elected governor (currently Lukas Enembe) and a regional legislature, People's Representative Council of section of Papua (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Papua).^[6] A executive organisation that only exists inside Papua is the Papuan People's Council (Majelis Rakyat Papua) Papuan People's Council), which was formed by the Indonesian Government inside 2005 as a coalition of Papuan tribal chiefs, tasked accompanied by arbitration and moving supported by behalf of Papuan tribal customs.

Indonesian sovereignty on top of Papua dates back to 1969, when Indonesia conducted a referendum (referred to by the Indonesian executive as the Act of Free Choice) supported by the self-determination of the peoples of Papua under an agreement accompanied by the United Nations to think highly of a bit of result. Instead of conducting a democratic referendum amongst the general population, Indonesian safety forces forcibly coerced a little numeral of tribal elders to vote to join Indonesia; some elders were not even made informed that a referendum was to exist conducted beforehand. Nevertheless, the agreement accompanied by the UN was nominally upheld, and was recognised by the international community inside spite of protests. This intensified the independence movement among native West Papuans, deepening the Papua conflict, which began when the Dutch withdrew from the East Indies inside 1963. The conflict has continued to the present, accompanied by Indonesian safety forces being accused of many mortal rights abuses inside their suppression of the liberty movement. The Indonesian executive maintains tight control on top of the region, barring overseas journalists or rights monitors from entering; those who perform must perform so covertly.^[7]

In 1999 it was proposed to crack the section into three government-controlled sectors, sparking Papuan protests.^[8] In January 2003 President Megawati Sukarnoputri signed an order dividing Papua into three provinces: Central Irian Jaya (Irian Jaya Tengah), Papua (or East Irian Jaya, Irian Jaya Timur), and West Papua (Irian Jaya Barat). The formality of installing a community executive intended Jaraka inside Irian Jaya Barat (West) took place inside February 2003 and a governor was appointed inside November; a executive intended Irian Jaya Tengah (Central Irian Jaya) was delayed from August 2003 scheduled to violent community protests. The creation of this separate Central Irian Jaya Province was blocked by Indonesian courts, who declared it to exist unconstitutional and inside breach of the Papua's special freedom agreement. The previous separation into two provinces was allowed to stand as an established fact.^[9]

Special freedom status[edit]

The section of Papua is one of three provinces to keep obtained special freedom status, the others being Aceh and West Papua. According to Law 21/2001 supported by Special Autonomy Status (UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus Papua), the state executive of Papua is provided accompanied by authority within the whole amount sectors of administration, but for intended the five tactical areas of overseas affairs, safety and defense, monetary and financial affairs, faith and justice. The state executive is authorised to issue community regulations to further stipulate the implementation of the special autonomy, with regulating the authority of districts and municipalities within the province. Due to its special freedom status, Papua section is provided accompanied by significant amount of special freedom funds, which can exist second-hand to good its native peoples. But the section has little financial capacity and it is highly dependent supported by unconditional transfers and the above-mentioned special freedom fund, which accounted intended about 55% of mass revenues inside 2008.

After obtaining its special freedom status, inside order to allow the community population access to boards production benefits, the Papuan state executive issued a numeral of decrees, enabling:

a Timber Logging Permit intended Customary Communities, which enabled community humankind to carry away boards extraction inside little concessions (250 to 1,000 hectares) intended one year through a community-based or participatory community cooperative;
a Permit to Manage Customary Forests, which was a boards extraction allow intended larger concessions (up to 2,000 hectares) intended a highest of 20 years;
logging companies had to pay compensations to community communities inside supplement to the whole amount additional fees and taxes collected by the state government.

Administrative divisions[edit]

As of 2010 (following the separation of West Papua Province inside 2003), the net Papua Province consisted of 28 regencies (kabupaten) and one self-ruling city (kota); these regencies and the city are together subdivided as at 2018 into 560 districts (distriks), and thence into 5,521 "villages" (kelurahan and desa). In Papua, as well as inside the section of West Papua, kecamatan are commonly referred to as distrik.

The regencies (kabupaten) and the city (kota) are listed below accompanied by their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and according to the current approved (January 2014) Estimates.

Name	Area (km²)	Population Estimate 2005	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate 2014	Capital	Number of Districts	Number of Villages	HDI^[10] (2018)
Asmat Regency	31,983.69	61,642	76,577	94,227	Agats	19	221	0.493 (Low)
Boven Digoel Regency	27,108.00	*	55,784	68,641	Tanah Merah	20	112	0.608 (Medium)
Mappi Regency	24,118.00	65,219	81,658	100,479	Kepi	15	164	0.577 (Medium)
Merauke Regency	44,071.00	154,310	195,716	240,826	Merauke	20	190	0.693 (Medium)
Southern group		281,171	409,735	504,173
Biak Numfor Regency	2,602.00	99,204	126,798	156,023	Biak	19	268	0.719 (High)
Deiyai Regency	537.39	#	62,119	76,436	Tigi	5	67	0.495 (Low)
Dogiyai Regency	4,237.40	#	84,230	103,643	Kigamani	10	79	0.544 (Low)
Intan Jaya Regency	3,922.02	#	40,490	49,822	Sugapa	8	97	0.465 (Low)
Kepulauan Yapen Regency (Yapen Islands)	2,050.00	70,201	82,951	102,070	Serui	16	165	0.670 (Medium)
Mimika Regency	21,633.00	126,344	182,001	223,949	Timika	18	152	0.731 (High)
Nabire Regency	11,112.61	159,548	129,893	159,831	Nabire	15	81	0.677 (Medium)
Paniai Regency	6,525.25	111,412	153,432	188,796	Enarotali	23	221	0.558 (Medium)
Supiori Regency	678.32	12,152	15,874	19,533	Sorendiweri	5	38	0.618 (Medium)
Waropen Regency	10,977.09	21,181	24,639	30,318	Botawa	11	100	0.648 (Medium)
Western group		595,042	902,427	1,110,421
Jayapura (city)	935.92	197,396	256,705	315,872	Jayapura City	5	39	0.795 (High)
Jayapura Regency	11,157.15	90,972	111,943	137,744	Sentani	19	144	0.712 (Medium)
Jayawijaya Regency	7,030.66	207,480	196,085	241,280	Wamena	40	332	0.568 (Medium)
Keerom Regency	8,390.00	37,048	48,536	59,723	Waris	11	91	0.657 (Medium)
Lanny Jaya Regency	2,248.00	#	148,522	182,754	Tiom	39	355	0.473 (Low)
Mamberamo Raya Regency (Great Mamberamo)	23,813.91	#	18,365	22,598	Burmeso	8	60	0.512 (Low)
Mamberamo Tengah Regency (Central Mamberamo)	1,275.00	#	39,537	48,650	Kobakma	5	59	0.464 (Low)
Nduga Regency	2,168.00	#	79,053	97,274	Kenyam	32	248	0.294 (Low)
Pegunungan Bintang Regency (Bintang Mountains Regency)	15,682.00	86,979	65,434	80,516	Oksibil	34	277	0.442 (Low)
Puncak Regency	8,055.00	#	93,218	114,702	Ilaga	25	206	0.380 (Low)
Puncak Jaya Regency	4,989.51	111,488	101,148	124,461	Mulia	26	305	0.443 (Low)
Sarmi Regency	17,742.00	31,500	32,971	40,570	Sarmi	10	94	0.604 (Medium)
Tolikara Regency	5,588.13	44,100	114,427	140,801	Karubaga	46	545	0.488 (Low)
Yahukimo Regency	17,152.00	134,702	164,512	202,430	Sumohai	51	511	0.485 (Low)
Yalimo Regency	1,253.00	#	50,763	62,463	Elelim	5	300	0.471 (Low)

* The 2005 estimated population of Boven Digoel Regency is included inside the figure quoted intended Merauke Regency, from which Boven Digoel was divided.

# The 2005 estimated population of this regency are included inside the figures quoted intended the in existence regency from which the newer regency was divided inside 2007 or 2008.

Provincial decentralisation history[edit]

In 2000, the present region of Papua Province originally consisted of nine regencies:

Biak Numfor, Jayapura, Jayawijaya, Merauke, Mimika, Nabire, Paniai, Puncak Jaya and Yapen Waropen

On 12 November 2002, the following nine additional regencies were created:

Keerom and Sarmi Regencies were crack from Jayapura Regency
Bintang Mountains (Pegunungan Bintan), Tolikara and Yahukimo Regencies were crack from Jayawijaya Regency
Asmat, Boven Digoel and Mappi Regencies were crack from Merauke Regency (this larger area, the first Merauke Regency, is since 2013 planned to exist created a recent section under the nickname of South Papua (Papua Selatan))
Yapen Waropen Regency was crack into Yapen Islands Regency (Kepulauan Yapen) and Waropen Regency

On 8 January 2004, Supiori Regency was crack from Biak Numfor Regency, bringing the mass numeral of diregencies to nineteen.

On 15 March 2007, under Law No. 19/2007, the following two regencies were created:

Mamberamo Raya Regency was formed from parts of Sarmi and Waropen Regencies
Dogiyai Regency was in the same way formed from the southern districts of Nabire Regency

On 4 January 2008, five additional recent regencies were created by Home Affairs Minister Mardiyanto who also installed five temporary regents. These five recent regencies were:

4 earlier from piece of Jayawijaya Regency:
- Central Mamberamo Regency accompanied by five districts, accompanied by Kobakma as the regental seat. Created by the Law No. 3/2008, the earliest regent was David Pagawak.
- Yalimo Regency also has five districts, accompanied by Elelim as the regental capital. Created by the Law No. 4/2008, the earliest regent was Elia Ibrahim Loupatty.
- Lanny Jaya Regency accompanied by ten districts, accompanied by Tiom as the regental capital. Created by the Law No.5/2008, the earliest regent was Pribadi Sukartono. The numeral of districts was subsequently increased to thirty-nine.
- Nduga Regency accompanied by eight districts, accompanied by Kenyam as the regental capital. Created by the Law No. 6/2008, the earliest regent was Hans Dortheus. The numeral of districts was subsequently increased to thirty-two.
1 earlier from piece of Puncak Jaya Regency:
- Puncak Regency also had eight districts, accompanied by Ilaga as the regental capital. Created by the Law No. 7/2008, the earliest regent was Simon Alom. The numeral of districts was subsequently increased to twenty-five.

Within 2008, Intan Jaya and Deiyai Regencies were crack from Paniai Regency.

Proposed recent regencies, cities and provinces[edit]

On 25 October 2013 the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) began reviewing outline laws supported by the establishment of 57 prospective regencies/cities (and 8 recent provinces).^[11] This included two recent provinces to exist formed from parts of the in existence Papua Province (and one recent section from the in existence West Papua Province), as well as the creation of seventeen recent regencies and two recent cities (independent municipalities). The recent regencies determination be:

Moyo, Muara Digul and Admi Korbay
Gili Menawa, Balin Senter, Bogaga, Puncak Trikora, Katengban, Okika, Yalimek, Ser Yahukimo Western Mountains, Mambera Hulu, Southwest Yahukimo, East Yahukimo and North Yahukimo
Northwest Yapen, East Yapen, Numfor Island and Ghondumi Sisare

And the recent cities determination exist the municipalities of:

Merauke and Lembah Baliem (Baliem Valley)

The two recent provinces from parts of the in existence Papua section keep newly been received by Indonesia's House of Representatives:

South Papua, and
Central Papua

Another recent province, to exist crack from West Papua, determination exist Southwest Papua.^[12]

South Papua[edit]

Morning inside Senggo Village, Mappi Regency, Papua, Indonesia.

The proposed South Papua (Papua Selatan) Province would conceal an region of 119,749 km² (46,235 sq mi) which is rich inside natural resources. It determination hold four in existence regencies:

Asmat, Boven Digoel, Mappi and Merauke

And determination thus equate closely to the original Merauke Regency prior to the splitting of that entity inside 2002. Within the in existence regencies, recent regencies to exist added are the following:

Moyo (from Boven Digoel Regency)
Muara Digul and Admi Korbay (both from Mappi Regency)

And a recent city of Merauke City (which is scheduled to exist created from Merauke Regency)

Central Papua[edit]

According to a 20 January 2012 communicate inside the Cenderawasih Pos Jakarta, the central executive is moving forward accompanied by the creation of "Central Papua". At that while it was envisaged that the recent section would comprise ten in existence regencies:

Supiori, Biak Numfor, Yapen Islands, Waropen, Nabire, Dogiyai, Deiyai, Intan Jaya, Paniai, and Mimika

The recent Central Papua Province, and the net Papua Province, would together involve the recent regencies.

First of, intended the net Papua Province:

Gili Menawa (from Jayapura Regency)
Balin Senter (from Lanny Jaya Regency and Tolikara Regency)
Boboga (from Tolikara Regency)
Puncak Trikora (from Lanny Jaya Regency)
Katengban (from Bintang Mountains Regency)
Okika (from Jayawijaya Regency), and
Yalimek, Ser Yahukimo Western Mountains, Mambera Hulu, Southwest Yahukimo, East Yahukimo and North Yakuhimo (all six from Yahukimo Regency)

And a recent city of Lembah Baliem (Baliem Valley, created from Jayawijaya Regency)

And intended the recent Central Papua Province:

Northwest Yapen and East Yapen (both from Yapen Islands Regency)
Numfor Island (from Biak Numfor Regency), and
Ghondumi Sisare (from Waropen Regency)

Jayapura City[edit]

The city of Jayapura also has the rank of an self-ruling city, equal to a regency. It was founded supported by 7 March 1910 as Hollandia and is the capital. Since Indonesian government the nickname of the city has been changed to Kotabaru, then to Sukarnopura ahead of its flow name, Jayapura.^{[citation needed]} Jayapura is also the largest city of Papua Province, accompanied by a little yet active tourism industry.^{[clarification needed]} It is built supported by a inclination overlooking the bay. Cenderawasih University (UNCEN) campus at Abepura houses the University Museum where some of the Asmat artifacts collected by Michael Rockefeller are stored.^[13] Both Tanjung Ria beach, near the market at Hamadi – site of 22 April 1944 Allied invasion during World War II – and the site of General Douglas MacArthur's World War II headquarters at Ifar Gunung keep monuments commemorating the events.^{[citation needed]}

Geography[edit]

Puncak Jaya is the tallest peak between the Himalayas and the Andes.

A central east–west peak range dominates the geography of the inch of New Guinea, on top of 1,600 km (1,000 mi) inside mass length. The western piece is approximately 600 km (400 mi) long and 100 km (60 mi) across.^{[citation needed]} The section contains the highest mountains between the Himalayas and the Andes, rising up to 4,884 metres (16,024 ft) high, and ensuring a steady give of rain from the tropical atmosphere.^{[citation needed]} The tree line is approximately 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) elevation and the tallest peaks contain permanent equatorial glaciers,^{[citation needed]} increasingly melting scheduled to a changing climate.^{[citation needed]} Various additional smaller peak ranges occur both northern and west of the central ranges.^{[citation needed]} Except inside towering elevations, the majority areas possess a hot humid weather all through the year, accompanied by some seasonal variation associated accompanied by the northeast monsoon season.

The southern and northern lowlands stretch intended hundreds of kilometres and involve lowland rainforests, extensive wetlands, savanna grasslands, and expanses of mangrove forest.^{[citation needed]} The southern lowlands are the site of Lorentz National Park, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[14]

The province's largest river is the Mamberamo located inside the northern piece of the province.^{[citation needed]} The result is a big region of lakes and rivers known as the Lakes Plains region.^{[citation needed]} The Baliem Valley, home of the Dani people, is a tableland 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) upon the deep standard inside the middle of the central peak range.^{[citation needed]}Puncak Jaya, also known by its Dutch colonial name, "Carstensz Pyramid", is a limestone peak peak 4,884 metres (16,024 ft) upon the deep level.^{[citation needed]} It is the highest peak of Oceania.^{[citation needed]}

Ethnic groups[edit]

The following are some of the the majority well-known ethnic groups of Papua:

The Yei (pronounced Yay) are sometimes known as the Jei, Je, Yei-nan people.

There are almost 2,500 speakers of the Yei language. 40% Ethno Religionists- animistic tribal faith 60% Catholics and additional Christians (blended accompanied by animistic beliefs & customs): The Yei speech is believed to keep two dialects observed by a Wycliffe, SIL speech survey inside 2001. At home the Yei humankind speak their own speech yet use Indonesian intended trade, wider communication and at school. Most Yei are lettered inside Indonesian.

There are elementary schools inside each village. About 10–30% of children keep on inside centre school. Very few go to towering school. The nearest towering school is inside Merauke city. They dwell chiefly by hunting, fishing, and gardening quick and long term crops inside the lowlands. The Yei diet mostly consists of rice, vegetables, fish and roasted sago. With their land at an altitude of smaller than 100 meters upon the deep level, the Yei humankind can best exist accessed by vehicle supported by the road from Merauke or by motorized canoe up the Maro River. There is no airstrip or airplane access additional than float aircraft which is currently accessible from Merauke through MAF by about a 15-minute flight to Toray. The Poo and Bupul villages keep a clinic yet humankind still use traditional medicines. There is highly little infrastructure inside the area: no telephones or toilets. At night electricity is race from a generator. There are single side-band radios (SSBs) inside Bupul, Tanas, Poo, and Erambu villages, mostly second-hand by the police and military force. Most villages get their drinking aqua from the Maro River, yet some get it from wells or by collecting rain.^{[citation needed]}

Demographics[edit]

1995 ABC information communicate supported by the impact of transmigration and development supported by the Dani

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	923,440	—
1980	1,173,875	+27.1%
1990	1,648,708	+40.5%
1995	1,942,627	+17.8%
2000	2,220,934	+14.3%
2010	2,833,381	+27.6%
2014	3,486,482	+23.1%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010, 2014 Health Ministry Estimate^[15]

The population of Papua section has a fertility pace of 2.9 children per woman^{[citation needed]} The population grew from the 1.9 million recorded inside the 2000 Indonesia Census, to 2.9 million as recorded by the 2010 Census,^[16] and is officially estimated to exist at about 3.5 million inside 2014. Since the early 1990s Papua has had the highest population growth pace of the whole amount Indonesian provinces at on top of 3% annually.^{[citation needed]} This is partly a result of birth rates, yet mostly scheduled to migration from additional parts of Indonesia.^{[citation needed]} While native Papuans formed the near-totality of the population inside 1961, they are at the moment roughly 50% of the population,^{[citation needed]} the additional half being composed of non-Papuan migrants next from additional parts of Indonesia. An overwhelming percentage of these migrants came as piece of a government-sponsored transmigration program.^{[citation needed]}

The densest population center, additional than the big coastal cities that house Indonesian bureaucratic and mercantile apparatus, is located inside and approximately the settlement of Wamena inside the Baliem Valley of the Central Highlands.^{[citation needed]}

Religion inside Papua (2010 census)^[17]
religion			percent
Protestantism			65.48%
Roman Catholicism			17.67%
Islam			15.88%
Not Asked			0.82%
Hinduism			0.09%
Buddhism			0.05%
Others			0.006%
Confucianism			0.003%
Not Stated			0.001%

Religion[edit]

According to the 2010 census, 83.15% of the Papuans identified themselves as Christian accompanied by 65.48% being Protestant and 17.67% being Roman Catholic. 15.88% of the population was Muslim and smaller than 1% were Buddhist or Hindu.^[18] There is also significant practice of animism, the traditional faith intended many Papuans, accompanied by many blending animistic beliefs accompanied by additional religions such as Christianity.

Economy[edit]

In 2011, Papuan caretaker governor Syamsul Arief Rivai claimed Papua's forests conceal 42 million hectares accompanied by an estimated worth of Rp.700 trillion ($78 billion) and that if the forests were managed properly and sustainably, they could produce on top of 500 million cubic meters of logs per annum.^[19]

The Grasberg Mine, the world's largest gold pit and third largest copper mine,^[20] is located inside the highlands near Puncak Jaya, the highest peak inside Papua.

Ecology[edit]

The inch has an estimated 16,000 species of plant, 124 genera of which are endemic.^{[citation needed]} Papua's known wood fauna includes; marsupials (including possums, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, cuscuses); additional mammals (including the endangered long-beaked echidna); bird species such as birds-of-paradise, cassowaries, parrots, and cockatoos; the world's longest lizards (Papua monitor); and the world's largest butterflies.^[21]

The waterways and wetlands of Papua are also home to salt and freshwater crocodile, tree monitors, flying foxes, osprey, bats and additional animals;^{[citation needed]} while the equatorial glacier fields remain largely unexplored.^{[citation needed]}

Protected areas within Papua section involve the World Heritage Lorentz National Park, and the Wasur National Park, a Ramsar moss of international importance.^{[citation needed]}

In February 2006, a team of scientists exploring the Foja Mountains, Sarmi, discovered recent species of birds, butterflies, amphibians, and plants, with possibly the largest-flowered species of rhododendron.^[22]

Ecological threats involve logging-induced deforestation, wood conversion intended plantation agriculture (including oil palm), smallholder agricultural conversion, the introduction and potential spread of alien species such as the crab-eating macaque which preys supported by and competes accompanied by native species, the illegal species trade, and aqua contamination from oil and mining operations.^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

King, Peter, West Papua Since Suharto: Independence, Autonomy, or Chaos?. University of New South Wales Press, 2004, ISBN 0-86840-676-7.

^ "Lukas-Klemen, Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Papua Terpilih". 13 February 2013.
^ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (2005). "Languages of Indonesia (Papua)". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 15 March 2009.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors inventory (link)
^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
^ Simpson, Brad (9 July 2004). "Indonesia's 1969 Takeover of West Papua Not by "Free Choice"". National Security Archive. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
^ "Undang-2, Inpres, dll. – Laws, Decrees, etc". Cenderawasih University. 23 February 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
^ Blades, Johnny (19 September 2018). "Governor of Indonesia's Papua seeks connection accompanied by PNG". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^ "Goodbye Indonesia". People and Power. Al Jazeera English. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
^ "World Evangelical". Archived from the original supported by 6 December 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
^ King, 2004, p. 91
^ [1]
^ Jakarta Post, 14 November 2013
^ "New Provinces Receive the Nod – Jakarta Globe". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
^ "Museum Loka Budaya Simpan Jejak Kematian Michael Rockefeller di Asmat – Papua Untuk Semua – Informasi Berita Harian Papua yang Terbaru". Retrieved 10 May 2016.
^ "Lorentz National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
^ http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original supported by 24 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.CS1 maint: Archived duplicate as heading (link)
^ "Population by Region and Religion inside Indonesia". BPS. 2010.
^ "Peringatan". Retrieved 10 May 2016.
^ "Forests inside Papua are valued at $78 billion". 24 August 2011.
^ Jane Perlez and Raymond Bonner (2005): Below a Mountain of Wealth, a River of Waste. The New York Times, 27 December 2005. Accessed 6 December 2011.
^ Dispatch – The Republic of Irian Barat. NationStates, Accessed 15 September 2017.
^ Kirby, Terry (7 February 2006). "Scientists hail finding out of hundreds of recent species inside remote New Guinea". The Independent. Retrieved 16 March 2009.

External links[edit]

oke detil perihal Papua (province) - Wikipedia semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat salam

tulisan ini diposting pada label Papua , papua referendum, papua terkini, , tanggal 26-08-2019, di kutip dari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_(province)

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Rabu, 31 Juli 2019

Opinion | Vive Le Nationalisme! Nationalisme

Indonesia Indonesia

Indonesia deploys troops to West Papua while protests spread

Indonesia's Jokowi urges calm at the end of aggressive West Papua protests

Indonesia's West Papua protests change course violent

Fiery protests erupt inside Indonesia's West Papua region

Indonesia's Jokowi formally proposes relocating capital to Borneo

Campus journalists challenge Indonesia's limits on top of for free press

Indonesia's Jakarta hit through massive power blackout

Indonesia lifts tsunami warning at the end of strong earthquake

Four dead, dozens missing while Indonesian fishing vessel sinks

Oil upset loot Indonesian beaches, important cleanup process on

Indonesia's most active volcano a magnet appropriate to tourists

Indonesia pardons woman jailed appropriate to journalism boss' lewd call

Boeing posts biggest loss inside its history. Is 737 MAX to blame?

'Cycle of revenge': Children join Papua rebels inside Indonesia

Indonesian villagers alongside active volcano refuse to relocate